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Joined 3 years ago
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Cake day: June 21st, 2023

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  • There are no data points between 2018 and 2022. Having said that, looking at the more legible charts on page 57 of the full report (same content as the summary chart, just easier to read), it looks like:

    • Science has been falling pretty steadily starting at the 2009-2012 cycle. No apparent covid effects.
    • Reading and math both might have had a decline leading up to 2018 (I’d need someone to do actual statistics to know if it is statistically significant). However, they had a significantly bigger decline starting in the 2018-2022 cycle, and continuing into the 2022-2025 cycle.

  • You are still leaving words out. Under a standard analysis of English, the full sentence would be:

    More people have been to Berlin than I have been to Berlin.

    In my judgement as a native English speaker (with an undergraduates degree in linguistics), both that and the original sentence are grammatical. However, it is not obvious to me what they mean.

    Looking at it as a linguist, I could hypothesise that the meaning is:

    A) The number of people who have been to Berlin is greater than the number of times I have been to Berlin.

    Going back to the original sentence, I could also hypothesise (as others in this thread have) that the underlying sentence is

    More people have been to Berlin than I have people.

    Meaning that I posses a quantity of people, and that quantity is smaller than the quantity of people who have been to Berlin.

    Neither of these meanings are intuitive to me (a native speaker), and I would struggle to produce a coherent analysis of either of them. To be clear, that last part is not disqualifing, there are plenty of things in language that have elluded coherent analysis. And many more that have done so from me.










  • The Y chromosome does a bit more than just carry the SRY gene.

    There is a condition where a father’s SRY gene gets transfered to the X chromosome of a sperm, resulting in a child who is XX and SRY positive. [0]

    In all known cases, such men are infertile. Fertility treatment is the main source of diagnoses for this, as that is typically the only symptom.

    [0] This is de la Chapelle syndrome, although that syndrome also covers an even rarer situation of an XX SRY-negative child developing as a male.


    There is also Swyer syndrome where an XY individual develops as a female (typically due to a defact in SRY). Such individuals general do not go through natural puberty and require hormone therapy.




  • A) That is even more escalatory, and will lead Iran attacking more oil infrastructure in the region.

    B) We can only destroy Karg Island once

    C) The US had demonstrated an ability to block Iranian exports by navel power, which can be turned on and off as needed.

    D) If destructive dominance were enough to win the war, the US would have one it long ago. Just like they would have won in Afghanistan

    Iran views this war as existential, and the Strait as their most significant national defense asset. They are not going to give it up over concerns about oil revenue.