people out there signing off shit like that with their online presence that wouldn’t be waterboarded out of anyone 15 years ago

sea water is used for cooling NPPs, there are heat exchangers on the way anyway, so only these will corrode and not anything close to turbine nevermind reactor. but you also have to pick a place that won’t flood in any but extreme circumstances

these are autism particles

I’m the left leg clipping through the table. Also, i like how x axis on lower left chart is out of order

good. generic biosimilars cost like 1/5 of the on-patent thing price

fyi this fella has no training in chemistry or medicine and is just some random ass programmer with severe case of “saving the world from my homelab” symdrome

I don’t think it’s a thing because even the same insulin analogue from different manufacturer can have different dosing

cryptobro on rationalist gambler on attention farmer violence

90% of drug candidates fail in clinical trials

couple of reddit threads suggest that this is something you can do, but you have to be evasive around american border guard later if you go in person

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i mean i don’t think about it as a separate budget line because if you don’t have that you get police raids and investigation instead of normal business, but yea. insulin is purified using HPLC, so at all times you get some of analytical data about fractions you just made, so some of QC, not all, but already something, already happens at this point

my point is that actual manufacturing costs will be low because biotech scalability logic is that you need to make yeast or something that makes peptide you like and then all you need to do is keep bioreactor alive and happy. lots of what is left is in purification

also it’s an injectable so it’s gonna be kept to some standards that non-injected drugs aren’t. whoever comes up with insulin pill will be printing money

there are multiple short-acting and long-acting insulins because you can’t patent other people’s things, but now it’s all off-patent. just take your stainless steel bioreactor and preparative HPLC, cook up a batch, wait ten years for biosimilar approval and you’re good to go

because unlike with small molecule drugs, when cooking up generic biopharmaceutical there’s extra approval process that amounts to a tiny clinical trial https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosimilar this and type of economics of scale that there is with biologicals makes manufacture at large scale way more preferable. these requirements were loosened a bit over time

I know not every state can or are willing to do this

this kind of thing scales well, i see no reason why after california has it set up, other states couldn’t get insulin from them, or chip in

it might just be in glass vial and freezing broke it

you know maybe it’s a good thing that people can’t sleep on ceiling, everybody’s rent would double

the problem is that there is natural (as in, unmodified) cheap generic insulin available, it’s just that it sucks compared to everything else. you see, insulin is a peptide that is supposed to appear, do some signalling, then disappear and unmodified insulin copies this thing exactly. the problem is, most of the time when peptide is supposed to work as a pharmaceutical, you don’t want to do that, you’d like insulin to last longer than usual, which means changes to it that make breakdown slower, or adding something that makes it stick to albumin, which has similar effect because it hides insulin somewhere enzymes can’t reach it and also it makes it start acting slower. this means less frequent dosing and less changes in insulin activity over time. there are also other insulins that start acting faster than natural, and this is also due to a couple of modifications in its structure

for another example, ozempic was not the first drug in its class, it’s also a modified peptide, and it can be injected s.c. once a week, compared to previous iteration (liraglutide) that requires daily injections. if natural peptide is injected i.m. instead, its halflife is half an hour, and in serum it’s only two minutes (it gets released a bit slower than it is metabolized)

manufacturing costs are about the same for any variant, most of it is in purification. patents for a couple of these have expired anyway by now, but if manufacturing is limited then price can be set arbitrarily high (see daraprim)

Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain

Cheeky today are we? They’ll also write in all of Ukraine for them

at least he didn’t cause a civil war